more Korean notes

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Lukasz Skotarek 2023-11-26 14:07:46 +01:00
parent 04aa1e7942
commit 44c6cd7600
2 changed files with 121 additions and 12 deletions

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@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ title: Korean grammar
- [And/but/therefore/so](#andbut) - [And/but/therefore/so](#andbut)
- [Also/too](#also) - [Also/too](#also)
- [Only](#only) - [Only](#only)
- [Irregulars](#irregulars)
### Formal vs Casual {#formal} ### Formal vs Casual {#formal}
@ -237,4 +238,17 @@ used to
Only + verb Only + verb
1. verb in noun form 1. verb in noun form
2. add -만 하다 2. add -만 하다
### Irregulars {#irregulars}
|ends with|change|
|---|---|
|ㅅ|remove ㅅ|
|ㄷ|ㄷ => ㄹ|
|last vowel ㅗ + ㅂ| remove ㅂ, add 오아|
|last vowel not ㅗ + ㅂ| remove ㅂ, add 우어|
|vowel in 2nd last syllable ㅏ/ㅗ + ㅡ|ㅡ => ㅏ|
|vowel in 2nd last syllable not ㅏ/ㅗ + ㅡ|ㅡ => ㅓ|
|last vowel ㅏ/ㅗ + 르|르 => ㄹ + 라|
|last vowel not ㅏ/ㅗ + 르|르 => ㄹ + 러|

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@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ from most to least formal
### Goodbye ### Goodbye
안녕히 계세요 - literally "stay in peace". Used when person you're saying "bye" to is staying and you're leaving 안녕히 계세요 - literally "stay in peace". Used when person you're saying "bye" to is staying and you're leaving
안녕히 가세요 - literally "go in peace". Used when other person is leaving (regardless if you're staying or going as well). 안녕히 가세요 - literally "go in peace". Used when other person is leaving (regardless if you're staying or going as well).
### Sorry (apology) ### Sorry (apology)
those are used as an apology, not "I'm sorry to hear that" those are used as an apology, not "I'm sorry to hear that"
Phrases below mean "I am sorry I did X". Phrases below mean "I am sorry I did X".
from most to least formal from most to least formal
@ -48,7 +50,9 @@ from most to least formal
### Sorry (I'm sorry to hear that) ### Sorry (I'm sorry to hear that)
괜찮아질 거에요 = it's gonna be okay 괜찮아질 거에요 = it's gonna be okay
너무 걱정 말아요 = don't worry too much 너무 걱정 말아요 = don't worry too much
건강 관리 잘 해요 = take care of your health 건강 관리 잘 해요 = take care of your health
### It's okay/I'm okay ### It's okay/I'm okay
@ -57,6 +61,7 @@ from most to least formal
### Excuse me ### Excuse me
죄송합니다 - "excuse me"/"I'm sorry" - often used when passing through the crows of people or when bumping into someone 죄송합니다 - "excuse me"/"I'm sorry" - often used when passing through the crows of people or when bumping into someone
실례합니다 - excuse me 실례합니다 - excuse me
### Here you go ### Here you go
@ -69,17 +74,107 @@ from most to least formal
### See you next time ### See you next time
다음에 봐요 - 다음에 봐요
봐요 - see you - 봐요 - see you
다음 - next time - 다음 - next time
에 - time marker - 에 - time marker
### Time ### Time
몆시 = what time - 몆시 = what time
지금 = now - 지금 = now
내일 = tomorrow - 내일 = tomorrow
오늘 = today - 오늘 = today
어제 = yesterday - 어제 = yesterday
정오 = midday - 정오 = midday
자정 = midnight - 자정 = midnight
- 아까 = earlier
- 이따가 / 나중에 = later
- 이따가 집에 가고 싶어요 = I want to go home soon
- 나중에 집에 가고 싶어요 = I don't want to go home/go as late as possible
- 오래 전에 = long time ago
- -번 = -times (몇 번 = how many times)
- 자주 = often
- 얼마나 자주 = how often
- 얼마나 오래 = how long
### Days of the week
1. 월요일
2. 화요일
3. 수요일
4. 목요일
5. 금요일
6. 토요일
7. 일요일
### 계절 Season
- 봄 - spring
- 여름 - summer
- 가을 - fall, autumn
- 겨울 - winter
### This/that
#### 이 (this)
- 이 - this
- 이 물 - this water
- 이거 - this/this thing
#### 저 (that)
- 저 - that
- 저 커피 - that coffee
- 커거 - that/that thing
#### 그 (the)
- 그 - the
- 그 가방 - the bag
- 그거 - it/the one
### 날씨 Weather
- 날씨 어때요? - how is the weather?
- 하늘 - sky
- 기상예보 - weather forecast
- 첫눈 - first snow
- 화창하다 - sunny
- 흐리다 - cloudy
- 이슬비(가) 내리다/오다 - drizzle
- 바람(이) 불다 - wind/windy
- 덥다 - hot
- 따뜻하다 - warm
- 춥다 - cold
- 시원하다 - cool
- 비(가) 오다/내리다 - to rain
- 번개(가) 치다 - lightning
- 일출 - sunrise
- 일몰 - sunset
- 도 - degrees
- 13.9도 = 십삼 쩜 구 도 = 13.9C
- 저온 - low temperature
- 고온 - high temperature
- 영하 - below zero (for C)
- 습도 - humidity
- 건조하다 - dry
- 습하다 - humid
- 쌀쌀하다 - chilly
- 비가 그치다 - to stop raining
### Questions
- X + -은/는 요? - How about X?
- 누구 - who
- 누가 - which person
- 누구 예요? - who is it?
- 누가 했어요? - who did it?
- 언제 - when
- 알다 -to know
- 모르다 - to not know
- 어디 - where
- 어디 예요? - where is it?
- 네? - what?
- 뭐 - what
- 왜? - why?
- 어떻게 + verb = how + verb
- 얼마 = how much
- 얼마나 + adj = how + adj