From 44c6cd76002206ed74153acb84696a796c64a521 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Lukasz Skotarek Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2023 14:07:46 +0100 Subject: [PATCH] more Korean notes --- _notes/Korean grammar.md | 16 +++++- _notes/Korean phrases.md | 117 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- 2 files changed, 121 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) diff --git a/_notes/Korean grammar.md b/_notes/Korean grammar.md index 4dd9616..7662655 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean grammar.md +++ b/_notes/Korean grammar.md @@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ title: Korean grammar - [And/but/therefore/so](#andbut) - [Also/too](#also) - [Only](#only) +- [Irregulars](#irregulars) ### Formal vs Casual {#formal} @@ -237,4 +238,17 @@ used to Only + verb 1. verb in noun form -2. add -만 하다 \ No newline at end of file +2. add -만 하다 + +### Irregulars {#irregulars} + +|ends with|change| +|---|---| +|ㅅ|remove ㅅ| +|ㄷ|ㄷ => ㄹ| +|last vowel ㅗ + ㅂ| remove ㅂ, add 오아| +|last vowel not ㅗ + ㅂ| remove ㅂ, add 우어| +|vowel in 2nd last syllable ㅏ/ㅗ + ㅡ|ㅡ => ㅏ| +|vowel in 2nd last syllable not ㅏ/ㅗ + ㅡ|ㅡ => ㅓ| +|last vowel ㅏ/ㅗ + 르|르 => ㄹ + 라| +|last vowel not ㅏ/ㅗ + 르|르 => ㄹ + 러| \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/_notes/Korean phrases.md b/_notes/Korean phrases.md index 4d86dac..134ff1e 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean phrases.md +++ b/_notes/Korean phrases.md @@ -28,11 +28,13 @@ from most to least formal ### Goodbye 안녕히 계세요 - literally "stay in peace". Used when person you're saying "bye" to is staying and you're leaving + 안녕히 가세요 - literally "go in peace". Used when other person is leaving (regardless if you're staying or going as well). ### Sorry (apology) those are used as an apology, not "I'm sorry to hear that" + Phrases below mean "I am sorry I did X". from most to least formal @@ -48,7 +50,9 @@ from most to least formal ### Sorry (I'm sorry to hear that) 괜찮아질 거에요 = it's gonna be okay + 너무 걱정 말아요 = don't worry too much + 건강 관리 잘 해요 = take care of your health ### It's okay/I'm okay @@ -57,6 +61,7 @@ from most to least formal ### Excuse me 죄송합니다 - "excuse me"/"I'm sorry" - often used when passing through the crows of people or when bumping into someone + 실례합니다 - excuse me ### Here you go @@ -69,17 +74,107 @@ from most to least formal ### See you next time -다음에 봐요 -봐요 - see you -다음 - next time -에 - time marker +- 다음에 봐요 +- 봐요 - see you +- 다음 - next time +- 에 - time marker ### Time -몆시 = what time -지금 = now -내일 = tomorrow -오늘 = today -어제 = yesterday -정오 = midday -자정 = midnight +- 몆시 = what time +- 지금 = now +- 내일 = tomorrow +- 오늘 = today +- 어제 = yesterday +- 정오 = midday +- 자정 = midnight +- 아까 = earlier +- 이따가 / 나중에 = later + - 이따가 집에 가고 싶어요 = I want to go home soon + - 나중에 집에 가고 싶어요 = I don't want to go home/go as late as possible +- 오래 전에 = long time ago +- -번 = -times (몇 번 = how many times) +- 자주 = often +- 얼마나 자주 = how often +- 얼마나 오래 = how long + +### Days of the week + +1. 월요일 +2. 화요일 +3. 수요일 +4. 목요일 +5. 금요일 +6. 토요일 +7. 일요일 + +### 계절 Season + +- 봄 - spring +- 여름 - summer +- 가을 - fall, autumn +- 겨울 - winter + +### This/that + +#### 이 (this) +- 이 - this +- 이 물 - this water +- 이거 - this/this thing + +#### 저 (that) +- 저 - that +- 저 커피 - that coffee +- 커거 - that/that thing + +#### 그 (the) +- 그 - the +- 그 가방 - the bag +- 그거 - it/the one + +### 날씨 Weather + +- 날씨 어때요? - how is the weather? +- 하늘 - sky +- 기상예보 - weather forecast +- 첫눈 - first snow +- 화창하다 - sunny +- 흐리다 - cloudy +- 이슬비(가) 내리다/오다 - drizzle +- 바람(이) 불다 - wind/windy +- 덥다 - hot +- 따뜻하다 - warm +- 춥다 - cold +- 시원하다 - cool +- 비(가) 오다/내리다 - to rain +- 번개(가) 치다 - lightning +- 일출 - sunrise +- 일몰 - sunset +- 도 - degrees +- 13.9도 = 십삼 쩜 구 도 = 13.9C +- 저온 - low temperature +- 고온 - high temperature +- 영하 - below zero (for C) +- 습도 - humidity +- 건조하다 - dry +- 습하다 - humid +- 쌀쌀하다 - chilly +- 비가 그치다 - to stop raining + +### Questions +- X + -은/는 요? - How about X? +- 누구 - who +- 누가 - which person +- 누구 예요? - who is it? +- 누가 했어요? - who did it? +- 언제 - when +- 알다 -to know +- 모르다 - to not know +- 어디 - where +- 어디 예요? - where is it? +- 네? - what? +- 뭐 - what +- 왜? - why? +- 어떻게 + verb = how + verb +- 얼마 = how much +- 얼마나 + adj = how + adj \ No newline at end of file