722 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
722 lines
24 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Korean grammar
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---
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<status>Status: 🌿 </status>
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<details>
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<summary>Table of contents</summary>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="#formal" class="internal-link">Formal vs Casual</a></li>
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<li><a href="#what" class="internal-link">What</a></li>
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<li><a href="#time" class="internal-link">Time</a></li>
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<li><a href="#counting" class="internal-link">Counting</a></li>
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<li><a href="#subject" class="internal-link">Subject markers</a></li>
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<li><a href="#object" class="internal-link">Object markers</a></li>
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<li><a href="#present" class="internal-link">Present tense</a></li>
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<li><a href="#past" class="internal-link">Past tense</a></li>
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<li><a href="#future" class="internal-link">Future tense</a></li>
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<li><a href="#ing" class="internal-link">Present progressive</a></li>
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<li><a href="#want" class="internal-link">Want</a></li>
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<li><a href="#negation" class="internal-link">Negation</a></li>
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<li><a href="#verbintonoun" class="internal-link">Verb into noun</a></li>
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<li><a href="#cancannot" class="internal-link">Can/cannot do</a></li>
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<li><a href="#descriptiveverbs" class="internal-link">Descriptive verbs</a></li>
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<li><a href="#place" class="internal-link">Place</a></li>
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<li><a href="#fromto" class="internal-link">From/to</a></li>
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<li><a href="#andbut" class="internal-link">And/but/therefore/so</a></li>
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<li><a href="#also" class="internal-link">Also/too</a></li>
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<li><a href="#only" class="internal-link">Only</a></li>
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<li><a href="#irregulars" class="internal-link">Irregulars</a></li>
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<li><a href="#morethan" class="internal-link">More than</a></li>
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<li><a href="#if" class="internal-link">If/in case</a></li>
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<li><a href="#stillalready" class="internal-link">Still/already</a></li>
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<li><a href="#somex" class="internal-link">Someone/Something/Somewhere/Someday</a></li>
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<li><a href="#imperative" class="internal-link">Imperative</a></li>
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<li><a href="#haveshouldmust" class="internal-link">Have to/Should/Must</a></li>
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<li><a href="#method/way" class="internal-link">Method/way</a></li>
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<li><a href="#allmore" class="internal-link">All/more</a></li>
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<li><a href="#dontdoit" class="internal-link">Don't do it</a></li>
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<li><a href="#vnounsreq" class="internal-link">Verbs that require nouns</a></li>
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<li><a href="#toomuchvery" class="internal-link">Too much/very</a></li>
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<li><a href="#linkingverbs" class="internal-link">Linking verbs</a></li>
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<li><a href="#shallweiwonder" class="internal-link">Shall we?/I wonder</a></li>
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<li><a href="#approxabout" class="internal-link">Approximately, About</a></li>
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<li><a href="#beforenoun" class="internal-link">Before noun</a></li>
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<li><a href="#beforeing" class="internal-link">Before verb</a></li>
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<li><a href="#after" class="internal-link">After</a></li>
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<li><a href="#pluralmarker" class="internal-link">Plural marker</a></li>
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<li><a href="#butstillnevertheless" class="internal-link">But still, nevertheless</a></li>
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<li><a href="#looklikeseemlike" class="internal-link">To look like/To seem like</a></li>
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<li><a href="#adjectives" class="internal-link">Making Adjectives</a></li>
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<li><a href="#wellthenifso" class="internal-link">Well then, In that case, if so</a></li>
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<li><a href="#lets" class="internal-link">Let's</a></li>
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<li><a href="#inorderto" class="internal-link">In order to, For the sake of</a></li>
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<li><a href="#maybeimight" class="internal-link">Maybe I might</a></li>
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<li><a href="#neyo" class="internal-link">-네요 verb ending</a></li>
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</ul>
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</details>
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### Formal vs Casual {#formal}
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There are two ways of communicating in Korean
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존댓말 - formal one. More polite, good `default` mode.
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반말 - informal one - to be used with friends
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Usually the difference is adding -요 to the end. Also, if there are many ways of saying/writing something, the longer one is more polite one.
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| 존댓말 | 반말 |
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| ------------------------ | ----------------- |
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| 안녕하세요 | 안녕 |
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| 안녕히 가세요/잘 가요 | 안녕 / 잘 가! |
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| 안녕히 계세요 / 잘 지내요! / 잘 있어요 | 안녕 / 잘 지내 / 잘 있어! |
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| 저 | 나 |
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| -씨, -님 | 너, -야/-아 |
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| 네 / 예 | 응 / 어 >> 웅 / 엉 |
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| 아니요 / 아니에요 | 아니 / 아니야 |
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### What {#what}
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###### What + verb -> 뭐 + verb
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example: 뭐 했어요? -> What did you do?
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###### What + noun = what kind of -> 무슨 + noun
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example: 무슨 책 좋아해요? - what kind of books do you like?
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### Time {#time}
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AM = 오전
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PM = 오후
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hour = 시
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minutes = 분
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time format: 오전/오후 + NK number + 시 + SK number + 분
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year = 년
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month = 월
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day = 일
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date format: SK + 년 + SK + 월 + SK + 일
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### Counting {#counting}
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what + NK number + counting word
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example: 책 다섯 권 = five books
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|word|what it counts|comments|
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|---|---|---|
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|살|age (years old)|can't use 개|
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|명|people|can't use 개|
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|마리|animal|can't use 개|
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|병|bottle||
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|벌|clothes||
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|개|"thing"|can be used for other words unless specified otherwise|
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|그루|tree||
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|켤레|a pair||
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|장|paper, page, ticket|also works for e-tickets|
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|권|book||
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|대|car, phone, tv|from what I understand "expensive" things|
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|조각|piece||
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|송이|flower||
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|컵|cup|for cheap/take-away coffee etc|
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|잔|glass|for expensive/proper coffee cup etc|
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### Subject markers {#subject}
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**-은/-는**
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"unlike other things"
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"different from other things"
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**example**
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이거는 사과 예요.
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(The other things are not apples, but) this is an apple.
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-이/-가
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**example**
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이 책이 좋아요.
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This book is good
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(there are no other books as good as this one)
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1. Once mentioned, a subject is given `은/는`. The subject is turned into a topic.
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- 그 강아지는 예뻐요 = The dog is pretty
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- 공원에 강아지가 있어요 = There is a dog at the park
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2. `은/는` can be also used for things that are not subjects. Use `은/는` when it means _this topic is a little_ **different** _from other topics_
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- 여기에 한국인이 많아요. 근데 저는 미국인이에요. = There are a lot of Koreans here. But I am American
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- 저는 강아지를 좋아하는데 고양이는 안 좋아해요 = I like dogs, but I don't like cats
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3. If **the subject** is important, use `이/가`. If anything other than the subject is more imporant, use the `은/는`.
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- 누가 드랫이에요? 제가 드랫이에요. (Who is Dreat? I am Dreat => **I(저)** is more important than the name)
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- 이름이 뭐예요? 제 이름은 드랫이에요 (저**는** **드랫**이에요 / 드랫이 제 이름이에요) = What is your name? My name is Dreat (I am Dreat) (name is more important than `I(저)`)
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### Object markers {#object}
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-을/-를
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### Present tense {#present}
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1. Ends with ㅏ or ㅗ = add 아요
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2. Doesn't end with ㅏ or ㅗ = add 어요
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3. Ends with 하 = add 여요
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### Past tense {#past}
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1. Ends with ㅏ or ㅗ = add 았어요
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2. Doesn't end with ㅏ or ㅗ = add 었어요
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3. Ends with 하 = add 였어요
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### Future tense {#future}
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Add -(으)ㄹ 거예요.
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or
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Add -(으)ㄹ 게요 to focus more on actions or decisions as a reaction/result of what the other person says or thinks
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### Present progressive (-ing) {#ing}
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Add -고 있어요
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### Want {#want}
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Add -고 싶어요
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### Negation {#negation}
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1. 안 before verb
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2. negative verb ending -지 않다
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### Verb into noun {#verbintonoun}
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1. Drop 다
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2. Add 기
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**example**
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보다 - to see
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부기 - seeing
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or add `-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 `
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**for action verbs**
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1. present tense: verb stem + -는 것
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2. past tense: verb stem + -(으)ㄴ 것
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3. future tense: verb stem + -(으)ㄹ 것
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**for descriptive verbs**
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1. present tense: verb stem + -(으)ㄴ 것
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2. future tense: verb stem + -(으)ㄹ 것
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### Can/cannot do {#cancannot}
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1. Drop 다
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2. Add (으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다
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### Descriptive verbs {#descriptiveverbs}
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verb stem + 아/어/여 + 하다
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**example**
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슬퍼요 - I am sad
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슬퍼해요 - "to feel sad"/"express such emotions"
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(for feelings only descriptive form can be used for other people)
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### Place {#place}
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-에 = at, to, in
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**example**
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학교에 갔어요 - I went to school
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-에서 = at, in, from
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used to
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1. Describe where action is taking place (도서관에서 궁부했어요 = I studied in the library)
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2. Describe "from place" (서울에서 왔어요 = I came from Seoul)
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### From/to {#fromto}
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##### From
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1. -에서 -> for location
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2. -부터 -> for time
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##### To
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까지 (for both location and time)
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##### From/to someone
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1. -한테 = to/from someone
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2. -한테서 = from someone
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### And/But/Therefore/So {#andbut}
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##### And
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1. 그리고 = and, and then.
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2. -하고 = and (used for nouns)
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3. -(이)랑 = and (for nouns), also "with"
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2 and 3 can be combined with "같이", which means "together"
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##### But
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1. 그렇지만 - gives "disappointment" vibes
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2. 그런데 - can be used as "and"
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3. 근데 - shorter form, used in speaking
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##### Therefore/so
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그래서
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### Also/too {#also}
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-도
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저도 좋아해요 - I like it too
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*도 can emphasise different things in a sentence*
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-기도 하다
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먹기도 해요 - I also eat
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### Only {#only}
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-만
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아침에는 커피만 마셔요 (I only drink coffee in the morning)
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아침에만 커피 마셔요 (I drink coffee only in the morning)
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Only + verb
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1. verb in noun form
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2. add -만 하다
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- 밖에 = literally outside something, _other than something_, out of range of something
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`Noun + -밖에 + negative conjugations`
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아침에는 커피밖에 안 마셔요 (I drink nothing but coffee in the morning)
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in general -만 and -밖에 are interchangeable, but
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1. You need negative form with -밖에
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2. -밖에 is used more
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3. -밖에 cannot be used with imperative sentences
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4. When verb has a negative meaning, -만 is more commonly used (저는 닭고기만 싫어해요 = I only hate chicken)
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### Irregulars {#irregulars}
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|ends with|change|
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|---|---|
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|ㅅ|remove ㅅ|
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|ㄷ|ㄷ => ㄹ|
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|last vowel ㅗ + ㅂ| remove ㅂ, add 오아|
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|last vowel not ㅗ + ㅂ| remove ㅂ, add 우어|
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|vowel in 2nd last syllable ㅏ/ㅗ + ㅡ|ㅡ => ㅏ|
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|vowel in 2nd last syllable not ㅏ/ㅗ + ㅡ|ㅡ => ㅓ|
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|last vowel ㅏ/ㅗ + 르|르 => ㄹ + 라|
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|last vowel not ㅏ/ㅗ + 르|르 => ㄹ + 러|
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but!
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- 입다 -> 입어요 -> 임을 거예요 (to wear)
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- 잡다 -> 잡아요 -> 잡을 거예요 (to catch)
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- 씹다 -> 씹어요 -> 씹을 거예요 (to chew)
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- 좁다 -> 좁아요 -> 좁을 거예요 (to be narrow)
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- 넓다 -> 넓어요 -> 넓을 거예요 (to be wide)
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### More than {#morethan}
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A보다 더 = more than A
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수박은 사과부다 더 커요 = A watermelon is bigger than an apple
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### If/in case {#if}
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- 만약 - (optional) in case/if
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- -(으)면 = verb ending for "if"
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- ends with no 받침 or ㄹ -> add -면
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- ends with 받침 other than ㄹ -> add -으면
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_examples_:
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1. 만약 지금 자면, 일찍 일어 날 수 있어요 - If I sleep now, I can wake up early
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2. 지금 자면, 일찍 일어 날 수 있어요 - I can wake up early, if I sleep now
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### Still/already {#stillalready}
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- 아직 - still, not yet
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- 아직도 - still + even/also -> "still (not) happening". Sound critical/being a little mad or angry
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- 이미 - already, when you know about something
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- 벌써 - when you are just finding out about somthing
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### Someone/Something/Somewhere/Someday {#somex}
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1. 누구 (who) + -ㄴ가 = 누군가 (someone)
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2. 뭐 (what) + -ㄴ가 = 뭔가/무언가 (something)
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3. 어디 (where) + -ㄴ가 = 어딘가 (somewhere)
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4. 언제 (when) + -ㄴ가 = 언젠가 (someday)
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Even when intended meaning is "someday", 언제 can be used instead of 언젠가. Same goes for 뭐/어디/누구.
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*examples:*
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1. 누구 만날 거예요? - whom will you meet?
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2. 누군가 만날 거예요? - will you meet somebody?
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3. 뭐 찾았어요? - what did you find?
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4. 뭔가 찾았어요? - did you find something?
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### Imperative {#imperative}
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Fixed expressions using '-세요'
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- 어서오세요 - Welcome
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- 안녕히 가세요 - goodbye
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- 안녕히 계세요 - goodbye
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- 안녕히 주무세요 - goodnight
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1. If you want to tell somebody to do something
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- Verb ending with vowel or ㄹ - add -세요
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- Verb ending with consonant other than ㄹ - add -으세요
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2. Please do it for me.
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- It has much *nicer tone*
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- Has nuance of asking someone for a favour or asking someone to do sth "for you"
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- 아/어/여 주세요
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*examples*:
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1. 아이스크림 사세요 - please buy yourself some icecream
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2. 아이스크림 사 주세요 - please buy **me** some ice cream
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줘요 is less formal 주세요, but more polite than just -세요.
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### Have to/Should/Must {#haveshouldmust}
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-아야/어야/여야 + 되다/하다
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### Method/way {#methodway}
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-(으)로
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1. Made with x - 뭐로 이거 만들었어요? - what did you make this with?
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2. Come by x - 오늘 택시로 왔어요? - did you come by taxi today?
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3. Do x using y - 카드로 낼 거예요 - I will pay by card
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4. Get hurt/sick - 사구로 다치다 - to get hurt in an accident
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5. To be famous for x - 프랑스는 치즈로 유명해요 - France is famous for its cheese
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6. Path - 이 길로 가다 - to go this path
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### All/more {#allmore}
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- 다 - all
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- 더 - more
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### Don't do it {#dontdoit}
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add -지 마세요
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### Verbs that require nouns {#vnounsreq}
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Some verbs require nouns to make sense. "To sing"/"To dance"/"To draw" makes no sense if it's not specified **what**
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examples with most *generic* nouns:
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1. To eat - (밥을) 먹다
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- 밥(을) 먹어요 - I eat
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- 뭔가 먹어요 - I eat something
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2. To draw - (그림을) 그리다
|
||
- 그림 그려료 - I draw
|
||
- 강아지 그려요 - I draw a dog
|
||
3. To dance - (춤을) 추다
|
||
- 춤을 춰요 - I dance
|
||
- 힙합을 춰요 - I dance hip-hop
|
||
4. To sing - (노래를) 부르다/하다
|
||
- 노래 불러요 - I sing
|
||
- 케이팝 불러요 - I sing K-pop
|
||
|
||
### Too much/very {#toomuchvery}
|
||
|
||
너무 - too much, excessively; Can be also used as very/quite/really.
|
||
|
||
In past it was used only in negative sentences, but nowadays it's possible to use in positive contexts as well. Most people use it both ways.
|
||
|
||
example:
|
||
너무 더워요:
|
||
1. It is too hot
|
||
2. It is very hot
|
||
|
||
### Linking verbs {#linkingverbs}
|
||
|
||
#### -고
|
||
-고 can be used to link verbs. Only last one needs to specify tense, others - just replace `다` with `고`
|
||
It's used to connect **independent** clauses or actions together to form once sentence.
|
||
|
||
example: 공원에 가고 책을 읽었어요 -> I went to the park and I read a book. (listing things done in a day)
|
||
|
||
#### -아/어/여 서
|
||
-아/어/여 서 is translated as "therefore/so" and is used to connect two or more verbs in a sentence to show logical relationship between the verbs.
|
||
|
||
1. Reason + 아/어/여 서 + result (비가 와서 못 갔어요 -> It rained, so I cannot go)
|
||
2. An action + 아/어/여 서 + another action that takes place after first action (공원에 가서 책을 읽었어요 -> I went to the park and read a book. Reading a book was after park)
|
||
3. An action + 아/어/여 서 + the purpose of or the plan after the action (케이크를 사서 친구한테 줄 거예요. -> I'm going to buy a cake and give it to a friend)
|
||
4. fixed expressions
|
||
1. according to -> -에 따라(서) (뉴스에 따라서 오늘 비가 올 거예요 -> According to the news, it will rain today.)
|
||
2. for example -> 예를 들어서 (예를 들어서 이렇게 할 수 있어요 -> For example, you can do like this)
|
||
|
||
#### -아/어/여도
|
||
same meaning as "그래도" (but still, nevertheless)
|
||
|
||
#### -는/은/ㄴ데
|
||
1. -는데 is used after action verbs (ㄹ is dropped), after 있다/없다, and after -았 or -겠
|
||
2. -은데 is used after descriptive verbs with have a final consonant in the verb stem, exepct for the consonant ㄹ
|
||
3. -ㄴ데 is used after descriptive verbs with end in a vowel or ㄹ (ㄹ is dropped) and after 이다 and 아니다
|
||
|
||
This ending has a diverse meaning
|
||
1. Explaining the background or the situation before making a suggestions/request/question -> 내일 일요일인데, 뭐 할 거예요? (It is Sunday tomorrow, what are you going to do?)
|
||
2. Explaining the situation first before explaining what has happened -> 어제 자고 있었는데, 한국에서 전화가 왔어요 (I was sleeping + 는데 + I got phone call from Korea)
|
||
3. Showing a result or situation which is contrasting to the previous action or situation -> 아직 9시인데 벌써 졸려요 (it is still 9 o'clock, but I am already sleepy)
|
||
4. As 3, but second part can be omitted for implied meaning (bit sassy) -> 준비 많이 했는데(요)...
|
||
5. Showing surprise or exclamation -> 멋있는데(요)! (Oh, that is cool!)
|
||
6. Asking a question (expecting some explanation about a situation or behaviour) -> 지금 어디에 있는데(요)? (So where are you now?)
|
||
7. Expecting an answer or a response -> 지금(요)? 지금 바쁜데(요)... (Now? I am busy now, so...)
|
||
|
||
### Shall we?/I wonder... {#shallweiwonder}
|
||
|
||
-(으)ㄹ 까요?
|
||
|
||
It is used to:
|
||
1. Asking oneself a question of showing doubt about something
|
||
2. Raising a question and attracting attention of others
|
||
3. Suggesting doing something together
|
||
|
||
### Approximately, About {#approxabout}
|
||
|
||
1. -쯤 (no space)
|
||
2. 정도 (after word, with space)
|
||
3. 약 (before word, with space)
|
||
|
||
`약` can be used as `ummm` to buy time when answering a question. 1+3 and 2+3 are valid options.
|
||
|
||
### Before noun {#beforenoun}
|
||
(noun +) 전에 = before (+ noun)
|
||
- before class = 수업 전에
|
||
- before Sunday = 일요일 전에
|
||
- before 1o'clock = 1시 전에
|
||
- an hour ago = 한 시간 전에
|
||
|
||
with verb = change a verb into a noun (-기)
|
||
- 가기 전에 = before going
|
||
- 사기 전에 = before buying
|
||
- 먹기 전에 = before eating
|
||
|
||
**examples**
|
||
- Finish your work before you go home = 집에 가기 전에 일 끝내세요
|
||
- Eat before you study = 공부 하기 전에 밥 먹으세요
|
||
- Don't use it before you pay. = 돈을 내기 전에 쓰지 마세요.
|
||
|
||
### Before verb {#beforeing}
|
||
change verb into noun (-기 form) + 전에
|
||
가다 -> 가기 -> 가기 전에 (before going)
|
||
사다 -> 사기 -> 사기 전에 (before buying)
|
||
먹다 -> 먹기 -> 먹기 전에 (before eating)
|
||
|
||
집에 가기 전에 (before going home)
|
||
집에 가기 전에 일 끝내세요 - finish your work before going home
|
||
|
||
공부 하기 전에 먹으세요 - eat before you study
|
||
|
||
### After {#after}
|
||
|
||
다음에, 후에, 뒤에
|
||
|
||
after -ing
|
||
- -(으)ㄴ + 다음에
|
||
- -(으)ㄴ + 후에
|
||
- -(으)ㄴ + 뒤에
|
||
|
||
to go home = 집에 가다
|
||
|
||
after going home:
|
||
1. 집에 간 다음에
|
||
2. 집에 간 후에
|
||
3. 집에 간 뒤에
|
||
|
||
### Plural marker {#pluralmarker}
|
||
|
||
noun + 들
|
||
|
||
커피들이 있어요 (more than 1)
|
||
|
||
커피가 있어요 (1 or more than 1)
|
||
|
||
_do not use with counting verbs_
|
||
incorrect: '커피 4잔'들 (sounds like 1 or more sets of 4 coffee cups)
|
||
|
||
### But still, nevertheless {#butstillnevertheless}
|
||
|
||
#### 그래도
|
||
it means "but still"/"however"/"nonetheless"/"nevertheless"
|
||
|
||
example: It is raining! Are you still going? = 비가 와요! 그래도 갈 거예요?
|
||
|
||
그래 + 도 = "even if you do that"/"even if that happens"/"if you do that, too" + the meaning of "still"
|
||
|
||
### To look like/to seem like {#looklikeseemlike}
|
||
|
||
**비슷하다** = to be similar
|
||
A is similar to B
|
||
A은/는 B(이)랑/B하고 (use with) 비슷하다
|
||
Lemon is similar to kiwi
|
||
키위랑 레몬은 비슷해요 / 레몬은 키위랑 비슷해요.
|
||
|
||
**같다** = to be the same
|
||
A is the same as B
|
||
A은/는 B(이)랑/B하고 (use with) 같다
|
||
|
||
A**랑** 같아요 - it is the same as A
|
||
B는 A**랑** 같아요 - B is the same as A
|
||
A**하고** B는 같아요 - A and B are the same
|
||
|
||
##### with verbs
|
||
-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다
|
||
|
||
- present tense: verb stem + 는 것
|
||
- present tense for action verbs
|
||
- past tense: verb stem + -(으)ㄴ 것
|
||
- present tense for descriptive verbs
|
||
- past tense for action verbs
|
||
- future tense: verb stem + -(으)ㄹ 것
|
||
- future tense for action and descriptive
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Making Adjectives {#adjectives}
|
||
`+ -(으)ㄴ + 명사 (noun)`
|
||
|
||
In English "pretty" is an adjective and can be found in a dictionary.
|
||
In Korean "pretty" is "예쁜", but it cannot be found dictionaries. The "descriptive verb" or "the adjective in infinite form" is "예쁘다" and can be found in the dictionary.
|
||
|
||
- 싸다 is not "cheap". It means "to be cheap"
|
||
- 바쁘다 is not "busy". It mean "to be busy"
|
||
- 맛있다 is not "delicious". It mean "to be delicious"
|
||
|
||
In Korean adjectives can be conjugated to different tenses, for example
|
||
|
||
- 재미있다 (to be fun)
|
||
- 재미있어요 (present tense)
|
||
- 재미있었어요 (past tense)
|
||
- 재미있을 거예요 (future tense)
|
||
(vs English It is fun/ It was fun/ It will be fun; `fun` is always the same)
|
||
|
||
**Exceptions:**
|
||
- 하얗다 -> 하얀 (white; 하얀 가방 - white bag)
|
||
- 그렇다 -> 그런 (such; 그런 가방 - that kind of bag)
|
||
- 달다 -> 단 (sweet)
|
||
- 있다 -> 있는
|
||
- 없다 -> 없는
|
||
|
||
**Common mistake**
|
||
- 예쁜 + 이에요 𐄂 -> 예뻐요 ✓
|
||
- 비싼 + 이에요 𐄂 -> 비싸요 ✓
|
||
- 라떼 한 잔 주세요. 따뜻한 - 𐄂 (can't be without noun)
|
||
- 라떼 한 잔 주세요. 따뜻한 라떼. ✓
|
||
|
||
**Action verbs can be also used as adjectives**
|
||
|
||
action verb -는 + noun (for verbs ending with ㄹ, drop ㄹ)
|
||
|
||
- This is **a bag I like**
|
||
- 이 가방은 제가 **좋아하는 가방**이에요.
|
||
- This bag is **a bag I liked**
|
||
- 이 가방은 제가 **좋아한 가방**이에요.
|
||
- This bag is **a bag I will like**
|
||
- 이 가방은 제가 **좋아할 가방**이에요.
|
||
|
||
- Someone who Yeji likes -> 예지씨가 좋아하는 사람
|
||
- Someone who likes Yeji -> 예지씨를 좋아하는 사람
|
||
|
||
- Is there a Korean food that you eat often? -> 자주 먹는 한국 음식 있어요?
|
||
- Is there a cafe that you go to often? -> 자주 가는 카페 있어요?
|
||
|
||
|
||
### Well then, In that case, If so {#wellthenifso}
|
||
|
||
그러면, 그럼
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
if, in case = 만약 -(으)면, or -(으)면
|
||
to be so = 그렇다
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
|
||
그러면 is `그렇다 + (으)면` and literaly means ("then" or "in that case")
|
||
|
||
if you say **그럼!/그럼요** it mean "of course!" or "naturally!"
|
||
|
||
### Let's {#lets}
|
||
|
||
A few different ways to say `let's` in Korean
|
||
|
||
1. - 아/어/여요 (polite/plain)
|
||
2. -(으)시죠 (honorific)
|
||
3. -자 (informal)
|
||
4. -(으)ㄹ래요? (polite/casual)
|
||
5. -(으)실래요? (polite/formal)
|
||
|
||
|
||
### In order to, For the sake of {#inorderto}
|
||
|
||
위해, 위해서 = in order, for
|
||
|
||
위하다 => 위해 (위하여) / 위해서 (위하여서)
|
||
|
||
noun + -을/를 위해서
|
||
- 건강을 위해(서) = for health/for the sake of health/in order to be healthy
|
||
- 회사를 위해(서) = for the company/for the good of the company
|
||
|
||
"위해(서)" in a sentence sounds very formal. In casual, spoken conversation -(으)려고 or 위한 is used
|
||
|
||
### Maybe I might {#maybeimight}
|
||
|
||
-(으)ㄹ 수도 있어요 =
|
||
- it could...
|
||
- it is possible that...
|
||
- it might
|
||
|
||
1. -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 -> can, to be able to
|
||
2. -도 -> also, too
|
||
|
||
The word 수 is a noun which means "way", "method" or "idea". Therefore -(으)ㄹ 수 있다 means "there is a way to do...", "there is an idea for doing..." or "there is a possibility for doing..."
|
||
|
||
Adding -도 (too/also) changes the meaning to "to also be able to do something".
|
||
|
||
It usually means "it might", "it could" or "perhaps".
|
||
|
||
- to meet = 만나다
|
||
- might meet = 만날 수도 있다
|
||
- we might meet again tomorrow = 내일 다시 만날 수도 있어요
|
||
|
||
**important**:
|
||
1. I might not come here tomorrow => 저는 내일 다시 안 올 수도 있어요
|
||
2. I might not be able to come here tomorrow
|
||
- 저는 내일 다시 올 수 없을 수도 있어요
|
||
- 저는 내일 다시 몾 올 수도 있어요
|
||
|
||
|
||
### -네요 verb ending {#neyo}
|
||
It is used in case of being impressed, surprised, or one's own personal thought. This is used quite frequently
|
||
|
||
Verb stem + -네요
|
||
|
||
- 크네요! = (I see that) it is big! / (I did not know it was but, but) is it big. (expressing surprise)
|
||
- 잘 어울리네요! = Oh, I think that it looks good on you (expressing impression)
|
||
- 맞네요 = I see that it is correct! (Finding out a fact for the first time)
|
||
- 여기 있네요! = oh, here it is!
|
||
- 벌써 11원이네요 = wow, it is already November |