405 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
405 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Korean phrases
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---
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<status>Status: 🌿 </status>
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### Thank you
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from most to least formal
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- 감사합니다
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- 고맙습니다
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- 감사해요
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- 고마워요
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- _casual territory_
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- 고마워
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- 감사 (texting)
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- ㄱㅅ (= thx)
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### Please give me
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주세요
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### Here you go
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여기요
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### Goodbye
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안녕히 계세요 - literally "stay in peace". Used when person you're saying "bye" to is staying and you're leaving
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안녕히 가세요 - literally "go in peace". Used when other person is leaving (regardless if you're staying or going as well).
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### Sorry (apology)
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those are used as an apology, not "I'm sorry to hear that"
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Phrases below mean "I am sorry I did X".
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from most to least formal
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- 죄송합니다
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- 미안합니다
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- 죄송해요
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- 미안해요
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- _casual territory_
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- 미안해
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- 미안
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- ㅁㅇ (for textchat, but can be used as "sorry not sorry")
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### Sorry (I'm sorry to hear that)
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괜찮아질 거에요 = it's gonna be okay
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너무 걱정 말아요 = don't worry too much
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건강 관리 잘 해요 = take care of your health
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### It's okay/I'm okay
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괜찮아요
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### Excuse me
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죄송합니다 - "excuse me"/"I'm sorry" - often used when passing through the crows of people or when bumping into someone
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실례합니다 - excuse me
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### Here you go
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여기요
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### To like
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좋아하다 = to like
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### See you next time
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- 다음에 봐요
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- 봐요 - see you
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- 다음 - next time
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- 에 - time marker
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### Time
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- 몆시 = what time
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- 지금 = now
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- 내일 = tomorrow
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- 오늘 = today
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- 어제 = yesterday
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- 정오 = midday
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- 자정 = midnight
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- 아까 = earlier
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- 이따가 / 나중에 = later
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- 이따가 집에 가고 싶어요 = I want to go home soon
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- 나중에 집에 가고 싶어요 = I don't want to go home/go as late as possible
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- 오래 전에 = long time ago
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- -번 = -times (몇 번 = how many times)
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- 자주 = often
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- 얼마나 자주 = how often
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- 얼마나 오래 = how long
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- 항상 = always
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### Days of the week
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1. 월요일
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2. 화요일
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3. 수요일
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4. 목요일
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5. 금요일
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6. 토요일
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7. 일요일
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### 계절 Season
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- 봄 - spring
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- 여름 - summer
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- 가을 - fall, autumn
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- 겨울 - winter
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### This/that
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#### 이 (this)
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- 이 - this
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- 이 물 - this water
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- 이거 - this/this thing
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#### 저 (that)
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- 저 - that
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- 저 커피 - that coffee
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- 커거 - that/that thing
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#### 그 (the)
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- 그 - the
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- 그 가방 - the bag
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- 그거 - it/the one
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### 날씨 Weather
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- 날씨 어때요? - how is the weather?
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- 하늘 - sky
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- 기상예보 - weather forecast
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- 첫눈 - first snow
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- 화창하다 - sunny
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- 흐리다 - cloudy
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- 이슬비(가) 내리다/오다 - drizzle
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- 바람(이) 불다 - wind/windy
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- 덥다 - hot
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- 따뜻하다 - warm
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- 춥다 - cold
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- 시원하다 - cool
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- 비(가) 오다/내리다 - to rain
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- 번개(가) 치다 - lightning
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- 일출 - sunrise
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- 일몰 - sunset
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- 도 - degrees
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- 13.9도 = 십삼 쩜 구 도 = 13.9C
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- 저온 - low temperature
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- 고온 - high temperature
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- 영하 - below zero (for C)
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- 습도 - humidity
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- 건조하다 - dry
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- 습하다 - humid
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- 쌀쌀하다 - chilly
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- 비가 그치다 - to stop raining
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### Questions
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- X + -은/는 요? - How about X?
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- 누구 - who
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- 누가 - which person
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- 누구 예요? - who is it?
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- 누가 했어요? - who did it?
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- 언제 - when
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- 알다 -to know
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- 모르다 - to not know
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- 어디 - where
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- 어디 예요? - where is it?
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- 네? - what?
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- 뭐 - what
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- 왜? - why?
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- 어떻게 + verb = how + verb
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- 얼마 = how much
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- 얼마나 + adj = how + adj
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### Really
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- 조금 - a little, a bit
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- 정말 - really, truly
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- 진짜 - real(ly)
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- 아주 - very, truly
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- 별로 - (not) really (only with neg sentences)
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- 전혀 - (not) at all (only with neg sentences)
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### In front of/Behind/etc
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앞 = front
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뒤 = back
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옆 = side
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위 = top
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밑, 아래 = bottom
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### to be alike/the same
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같다 = to be like
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noun + (이)랑 = to be the same
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_(with verbs)_
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-(으)ㄴ/는/(으)ㄹ 것 같다
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### 색, 색깔 - Colour
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| colour | option1 | option2 |
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| ------------ | ----------- | ------------------ |
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| black | **검정**색 | 블랙 |
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| blue | 파란색, 파랑 | 블루 |
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| navy blue | 남색 | 네이비 |
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| sky blue | 하늘색 | 연(light) 블루 |
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| brown | 갈색 | 브라운 |
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| dark brown | 진 갈색, 밤색 | 진 (deep, dark) 브라운 |
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| gold | 금색 | 골드 |
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| silver | 은색 | 실버 |
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| gray | 회색 | 그레이 |
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| purple | 보라색 | 퍼플 |
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| green | 초록색 | 그린 |
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| light green | 연두색 | |
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| blue-green | 청록색, 민트색 | |
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| orange | 주황색 | 오렌지 |
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| pink | 분홍색 | 핑크 |
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| red | 빨간색, 빨강 | 레드 |
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| white | 하얀색, 흰색, 백색 | 화이트 |
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| yellow | 노란색, 노랑 | 옐로우 |
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| light yellow | 연노란색 | |
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### Korean words similar to English
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(word - 단어)
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| Korean | English |
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| ----------- | ------------------------------ |
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| 크로와상 | croissant |
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| 카페 | cafe |
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| 카페 라떼 | cafe latte |
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| 바닐라 라떼 | vanilla latte |
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| 카라멜 라떼 | caramel latte |
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| 스트로베리 프라프치노 | strawberry frappuccino |
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| 카푸치노 | cappuccino |
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| 아메리카노 | americano |
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| 에스프레소 | espresso |
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| 시나몬 롤 | cinammon roll |
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| 콩글리쉬 | Konglish (Korean + English) |
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| 아이쇼핑 | window shopping (eye shopping) |
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| 아르바이트 | part-time job (Arbeit) |
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| 모닝콜 | wake-up call (morning call) |
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| 서비스 | one the house (service) |
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| 린스 | har conditioner (rinse) |
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### Exchanging Numbers
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번호교환
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- to be glad (to meet) = 반갑다
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- to let (someone) know = 알려 주다 (알리다 + -아/어/여 주다)
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- to let (someone) know (honorific) = 알려 드리다
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- business card = 명함
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- number = 번호 (specific number ex. phone, house, bus number), 숫자 (any number, ex. number 4)
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- mobile phone = 핸드폰, 휴대폰, 스마트폰
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- contact information = 연락처
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- to save = 저장하다
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- to see, to meet (honorific) = 뷥다
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### 당신 (you)
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Use with caution in real life conversations - "you" is rarely used, especially when speaking 존댓말 or more format language.
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Uses of `당신`
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1. you are **angry at someone** and do not mind fighting or arguing with that person
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1. 당신 뭐야? / 너 뭐야? = who do you think you are? what are you?
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2. 당신 뭐가 문제야? / 너 뭐가 문제야? = what is your problem?
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2. you are **translating a foreign language** and you absolutely must have *a word for "you"*
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3. you are **writing or singing a song**, or using indirect language in general
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1. (both 2 and 3)
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2. 당신의 눈은 참 아름다워요 = your eyes are so beautiful
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3. 당신에게 이 노래를 바칩니다 = I dedicate this song to you
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4. you are addressing your spouse (commonly used among middle-aged or older people)[^1]
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1. 당신 지금 어디예요? = honey, where are you?
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2. 당신 지금 어디야? = honey, where are you?
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5. (rare case) you are talking about someone (**who is not present**) in an honorific way and *want to say "he" or "she"*
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### 괜찮아요
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1. Present tense = 괜찮아요
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2. Past tense = 괜찮았어요
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3. Future tense = 괜찮을 거예요
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uses:
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1. I am okay / I am alright / Everything is fine [^4]
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2. Do not worry [^5]
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3. It is good [^6]
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4. I'm good / I'm cool/ No, thanks [^7]
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### Slang
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- 맞을래? - do you want to be hit? [^8]
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- 죽을래? - do you want to die? [^8]
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### Word builder
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#### 학
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**학** is related to "learning", "studying", "school"
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- 학 + 생 (person, member, participant) = 학생 = student
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- 학 + 교 (school) = 학교 = school
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- 학 + 원 (house, garden) = 학원 = private academy
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- 수 (number) + 학 = 수학 = mathematics
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- 과 (subject, class, species) + 학 = 과학 = science
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- 어 (word) + 학 = 어학 = language learning
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- 언어 (word + word) + 학 = 언어학 = linguistics
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- 경제 (economy) + 학 = 경제학 = economics
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- 학 + 년 (year) = 학년 = school year (grade)
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- 학 + 기 (period) = 학기 = semester
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- 방 (to release, let go) + 학 = 방학 = school vacation
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- 장학금 = scholarship
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- 장학생 = student on a scholarship
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- 복학생 = student who has returned to school (usually) after a long break, returning student
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- 독학 = self-study, studying by oneself
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#### 실
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**실** is related to "room"
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- 교 (school, teach) + 실 = 교실 = classroom
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- 연습 (practice) + 실 = 연습실 = practice room
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- 사무 (office work, desk job) + 실 = 사무실 = office
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- 병 (disease) + 실 = 병실 = hospital room, patient's room
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- 대기 (wait) + 실 = 대기실 = waiting room
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- 화장 (makeup) + 실 = 화장실 = toilet, bathroom
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- 분장 ((stage/theatre)makeup) + 실 = 분장실 = dressing room, backstage room (specific to stage/theatre makeup)
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- 회의 (meet) + 실 = 회의실 = meeting room, conference room
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- 실 + 장 (head, leader) = 실장 = head of the office
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- 실 + 내 (inside) = 실내 = indoors
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- 실 + 외 (outside) = 실외 = outdoors, outside
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[^1]: other words that can replace 당신 in this usage are 여보 (most common) and 자기 (more common among young couples)
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#### 동
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동 is related to movement, move, to move
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- 운 (to tranport) + 동 = 운동 = exercise, workout
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- 작 (to make) + 동 = 작동 = operation (of a device)
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- 활 (to flow, to be alive) + 동 = 활동 = activity[^2]
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- 연 (to connect) + 동 = 연동 = linkage, interlocking[^3]
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- 동 + 영(to project) + 상(image) = 동영상 = video
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#### 중
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중 means "center" or "middle"
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- 중 + 학교 (school) = 중학교 (middle school)
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- 중 + 식 (eat) = 중식 (format name for "lunch")
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- 회의 (meeting, conference) + 중 = 회의중 (meeting in progress)
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- 공사 (construction) + 중 = 공사중 (under construction)
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[^2]: 온라인 활동 = online activities
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[^3]: ex: 페이스복 연동
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[^4]: ex You slip and fall and someone asks you if you are alright
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[^5]: ex: your friend is worrying about something and you want to tell them to not worry
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[^6]: you refer to something as "cool", "good" or "recommendable"
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[^7]: your friend offers you a drink and you want to politely refuse it
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[^8]: not literally, used to express annoyance or "don't" in informal way
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#### 불
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`부/불` means "not"
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- 불 (not) + 안 (comfortable) = 불안 = anxiety, anxious[^12]
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- 불안하다 >> action >> 불안하 + 아/어/여하다 = 불안해하다
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- 불안해하지 마세요 = Don't be anxious
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- 불 (not) + 편 (comfortable, convenient) = 불편 = invonvenient, uncomfortable
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- 불 (not) + 완전 (complete) = 불완전 = incomplete
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- 불 (not) + 균형 (balance) = 불균형 = imbalance
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- 불 (not) + 만 (full) = 불만 = complaint[^9][^10]
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- 부 (not) + 정확 (correct) = 부정확[^11] = incorrect/inaccurate
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- 부 (not) + 주의 (attention) = 부주의[^11] = carelessness
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- 제 부주의로 사고가 났어요 = I was careless, so it caused an accident
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- 부 (not) + 당 (correct, right) = 부당[^11] = wrong, unfair, unjust
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- 부 (not) + 적절 (proper) = 부적걸 = inappropriate, improper
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[^9]: 저한테 불만 있어요? = Do you have any complaints against me?/Do you have a problem with me?
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[^10]: 만죽 = satisfaction/be pleased
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[^11]: 불 is pronounced and written as 부 when the consonant that follis is ㄷ or ㅈ
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[^12]: can also mean `unstable` for example 불안해요 = It doesn't look stable
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