diff --git a/_notes/Korean grammar.md b/_notes/Korean grammar.md index 7662655..f5a0d2b 100644 --- a/_notes/Korean grammar.md +++ b/_notes/Korean grammar.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ title: Korean grammar --- -Status: ๐ŸŒฑ +Status: ๐ŸŒฟ - [Formal vs Casual](#formal) - [What](#what) @@ -25,6 +25,15 @@ title: Korean grammar - [Also/too](#also) - [Only](#only) - [Irregulars](#irregulars) +- [More than](#morethan) +- [If/in case](#if) +- [Still/already](#stillalready) +- [Someone/Something/Somewhere/Someday](#somex) +- [Imprerative](#imperative) +- [Have to/Should/Must](#haveshouldmust) +- [Method/way](#method/way) +- [All/more](#allmore) +- [Don't do it](#dontdoit) ### Formal vs Casual {#formal} @@ -251,4 +260,91 @@ Only + verb |vowel in 2nd last syllable ใ…/ใ…— + ใ…ก|ใ…ก => ใ…| |vowel in 2nd last syllable not ใ…/ใ…— + ใ…ก|ใ…ก => ใ…“| |last vowel ใ…/ใ…— + ๋ฅด|๋ฅด => ใ„น + ๋ผ| -|last vowel not ใ…/ใ…— + ๋ฅด|๋ฅด => ใ„น + ๋Ÿฌ| \ No newline at end of file +|last vowel not ใ…/ใ…— + ๋ฅด|๋ฅด => ใ„น + ๋Ÿฌ| + +### More than {#morethan} + +A๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” = more than A + +์ˆ˜๋ฐ•์€ ์‚ฌ๊ณผ๋ถ€๋‹ค ๋” ์ปค์š” = A watermelon is bigger than an apple + +### If/in case {#if} + +- ๋งŒ์•ฝ - (optional) in case/if +- -(์œผ)๋ฉด = verb ending for "if" + - ends with no ๋ฐ›์นจ or ใ„น -> add -๋ฉด + - ends with ๋ฐ›์นจ other than ใ„น -> add -์œผ๋ฉด + +_examples_: +1. ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž๋ฉด, ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š” - If I sleep now, I can wake up early +2. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ž๋ฉด, ์ผ์ฐ ์ผ์–ด ๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š” - I can wake up early, if I sleep now + + +### Still/already {#stillalready} + +- ์•„์ง - still, not yet +- ์•„์ง๋„ - still + even/also -> "still (not) happening". Sound critical/being a little mad or angry +- ์ด๋ฏธ - already, when you know about something +- ๋ฒŒ์จ - when you are just finding out about somthing + +### Someone/Something/Somewhere/Someday {#somex} + +1. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ (who) + -ใ„ด๊ฐ€ = ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ (someone) +2. ๋ญ (what) + -ใ„ด๊ฐ€ = ๋ญ”๊ฐ€/๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ (something) +3. ์–ด๋”” (where) + -ใ„ด๊ฐ€ = ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€ (somewhere) +4. ์–ธ์ œ (when) + -ใ„ด๊ฐ€ = ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ (someday) + +Even when intended meaning is "someday", ์–ธ์ œ can be used instead of ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€. Same goes for ๋ญ/์–ด๋””/๋ˆ„๊ตฌ. + +*examples:* +1. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”? - whom will you meet? +2. ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”? - will you meet somebody? +3. ๋ญ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”? - what did you find? +4. ๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•˜์–ด์š”? - did you find something? + + +### Imperative {#imperative} + +Fixed expressions using '-์„ธ์š”' +- ์–ด์„œ์˜ค์„ธ์š” - Welcome +- ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์„ธ์š” - goodbye +- ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ๊ณ„์„ธ์š” - goodbye +- ์•ˆ๋…•ํžˆ ์ฃผ๋ฌด์„ธ์š” - goodnight + +1. If you want to tell somebody to do something + - Verb ending with vowel or ใ„น - add -์„ธ์š” + - Verb ending with consonant other than ใ„น - add -์œผ์„ธ์š” +2. Please do it for me. + - It has much *nicer tone* + - Has nuance of asking someone for a favour or asking someone to do sth "for you" + - ์•„/์–ด/์—ฌ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” + +*examples*: +1. ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ์‚ฌ์„ธ์š” - please buy yourself some icecream +2. ์•„์ด์Šคํฌ๋ฆผ ์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์„ธ์š” - please buy **me** some ice cream + +์ค˜์š” is less formal ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”, but more polite than just -์„ธ์š”. + +### Have to/Should/Must {#haveshouldmust} + +-์•„์•ผ/์–ด์•ผ/์—ฌ์•ผ + ๋˜๋‹ค/ํ•˜๋‹ค + +### Method/way {#methodway} + +-(์œผ)๋กœ + +1. Made with x - ๋ญ๋กœ ์ด๊ฑฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”? - what did you make this with? +2. Come by x - ์˜ค๋Š˜ ํƒ์‹œ๋กœ ์™”์–ด์š”? - did you come by taxi today? +3. Do x using y - ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ๋‚ผ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š” - I will pay by card +4. Get hurt/sick - ์‚ฌ๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋‹ค์น˜๋‹ค - to get hurt in an accident +5. To be famous for x - ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๋Š” ์น˜์ฆˆ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•ด์š” - France is famous for its cheese +6. Path - ์ด ๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋‹ค - to go this path + +### All/more {#allmore} + +- ๋‹ค - all +- ๋” - more + +### Don't do it {#dontdoit} + +add -์ง€ ๋งˆ์„ธ์š” \ No newline at end of file